- 67Focus group participants
- 14Expert interviews
- 767Survey respondents
- 12,664Event line-ups analysed
- 3,073Venues assessed
- 29,727Non-music cultural events researched
The night is often treated as a problem to manage through licensing, policing and noise regulation. The Nighttime Culture Index treats the night as culture.
When cities measure the night, they look to its economic benefits and the costs related to noise and safety. They rarely account for what the night creates, from new music and art to the scenes and places where people feel they belong. The Index can be a tool for anyone who funds, regulates, creates within or supports the night.
- Brands
- Communities
- Government
- Music Industry
- Non-profits
- Venues & Events
Key Findings
Nighttime culture is thriving. But what varies by city is the scale and support for nighttime culture, and who is able to take part. Here are some insights we found; so please explore the dashboard and find your own.
- Key finding
A night out costs far more in some cities than others
Cost was a frequently repeated challenge for promoters, venues and audiences alike. The new finding is how much this differs between cities. A club ticket costs 1.13 hours of minimum-wage work in Sydney and 24.76 hours in Lagos.
- Key finding
Night venues serve as “safer spaces”
Across the Index, a majority of respondents feel safe inside nighttime venues: 86% to 88% in Amsterdam, New York and Sydney, and around 75% in Lagos, São Paulo and Seoul.
- Key finding
Grassroots, alternative and queer scenes lead the way on inclusion
These scenes pioneer diverse line-ups, care teams and policies for inclusive spaces. But these practices are particularly vulnerable to rising costs.
- Key finding
Gender diversity on line-ups is still lagging
Female and gender-diverse artists make up only 27% to 32% of bookings across Index cities. Even in cities where diversity has improved among artists and collectives, and frontline staff, venues are still mainly run by men.
- Key finding
Every city has gaps in its venue ecosystem
No matter how many dedicated music venues a city has, nightlife creators still feel gaps in the venue ecosystem.
- Key finding
The night isn’t just clubs and bars
Informal, DIY and public spaces are critical infrastructure for nighttime culture, especially for emerging actors and experimentation.
- Key finding
Education for nightlife careers exists in every city
But it often relies on the ability to pay, and may not lead into paid work.
- Key finding
More cities are creating night offices and strategies
But most are still built around the nighttime economy rather than nighttime culture. The scene also has a role to play in nighttime governance, through collaboration and political organisation.
The anatomy of the index
The Nighttime Culture Index assesses the cultural life of six cities at night. In each city, it covers 30 indicators across six dimensions.
Dimension 1 of 6
Creative Ecology
How does the local cultural ecosystem support original creative work and careers, through both educational opportunities and experimental, diverse programming?
A city can have a busy nightlife while producing little new culture of its own. An index without this dimension would just count the consumption of culture and miss its production.
The road ahead
The Index is built to scale
- 2026
The baseline. Six cities, six dimensions, 30 indicators.
- 2027
More cities, expanded indicators, deeper methodology.
- 2028
The long view. Scores tracked over time as cities change.
Made by
VibeLab is a data-driven research, consultancy and advocacy agency dedicated to supporting creatives and preserving nighttime culture. With over ten years of experience, VibeLab has worked with local institutions and governments around the world to support the nightlife industry.
Amsterdam Dance Event is the world's largest club festival and leading conference for electronic music. 30 YEARS ADE (21–25 October 2026) marks three decades — 1996 to 2026 and beyond: three decades of cultural legacy.